000			02163cam a22003733 4500
001			ocn191927171
003			OCoLC
005			20240712095732.0
008			080208s2007 xx 000 0 eng d
020			_a9780521891073
020			_a0521891078
029	1		_aAU@ _b000042441346
035			_a(OCoLC)191927171
040			_aBTCTA _beng _cBTCTA _dBAKER _dAU@ _dYDXCP _dCWI _dOCLCF _dOCLCO _dOCLCQ _dOCLCA _dOCLCQ _dOCL _dOCLCO
050	1	4	_aHD2341 _b.S363
245	0	4	_aThe Shadow Economy _bAn International Survey.
260			_bCambridge Univ Pr _c2007.
336			_atext _btxt _2rdacontent
337			_aunmediated _bn _2rdamedia
520	1		_a"Illicit work, social security fraud, economic crime, and other shadow economy activities are fast becoming an international problem. Friedrich Schneider and Dominik H. Enste use currency demand, physical input (electricity) method, and the model approach, to estimate the size of the shadow economy in seventy-six developing, transition, and OECD countries. They argue that during the 1990s the average size of a shadow economy varied from 12% of GDP for OECD, to 23% for transition, and to 39% for developing countries. They examine the causes and consequences of this development using an integrated approach explaining deviant behaviour, which combines the findings of economic, sociological, and psychological research. The authors suggest that increasing taxation, social security contributions, rising state regulatory activities, and the decline of the tax morale, are all driving forces behind this growth, especially in OECD countries. They propose a reform of state (public) institutions, in order to improve the dynamics of the official economy."--Jacket
650		0	_aInformal sector (Economics)
650		0	_aBusiness enterprises _xCorrupt practices.
650		0	_aCommercial crimes.
650		0	_aTax evasion.
650		0	_aNoncitizens.
650		0	_aWelfare fraud.
650		0	_aFraud.
650		0	_aIllegal immigration.
650		2	_aFraud
720			_aSchneider, Friedrich.
720			_aEnste, Dominik H.
942			_2lcc _cBK _n0
948			_hNO HOLDINGS IN GHUCC - 7 OTHER HOLDINGS
999			_c1070 _d1070