11258cam a2200577 4500 ocm00493843 OCoLC 20241030140258.0 721114s1964 nyua b 000 0 eng 64024863 (AMICUS)000003603424 002180986 Uk AU@ 000003917258 AU@ 000023874829 AU@ 000051093407 DEBBG BV007111033 DEBSZ 001747134 GBVCP 020071159 GEBAY 11057497 NLC 000003603424 NZ1 3779191 NZ1 648792 UKMGB 002180986 ZWZ 015158586 (OCoLC)493843 (OCoLC)780487645 (OCoLC)1145247064 (OCoLC)1153257688 (OCoLC)1154238162 (OCoLC)1166534486 (OCoLC)1205182913 (OCoLC)1205531110 (OCoLC)1224888234 (OCoLC)1231500336 (OCoLC)1298260918 eng GAFCSC LIBRARY JC423 L67 Lipson, Leslie, 1912-2000. https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJt8ghfdgvXFRvf8xcJv73 The democratic civilization. New York, Oxford University Press, 1964. xiii, 614 pages illustrations 24 cm text txt rdacontent OUP Paperback ; GB268 Includes bibliographical references (pages 595-598). 1. Introduction -- New conditions and old notions -- What this book is about -- The democratic record -- The general nature of politics -- The social materials -- Creative government -- Ideal goals -- The use of comparisons -- Democracy as a civilizing force -- Part I The criteria of Democracy -- 2. The classical tradition -- The Athenian origins -- The historians' judgment: (1) Herodotus and the Persians -- (2) Thucydides and Pericles -- Decline of Athenian democracy -- The philosophers' analysis: (1) Plato's attack -- (2) Aristotle's summation -- The Greek verdict -- Some unsettled questions -- A premature experiment? -- Hardening of the literary tradition -- Democracy defined by Hobbes, Locke, and Montesquieu -- The direct democracy of Rousseau and Madison -- 3. The modern rebirth -- The authority of the individual -- Individualism in the theories of Hobbes and Locke -- The individual in Rousseau's community -- Ambiguity of the general will -- The democratic impetus of the nineteenth century -- Representation and the change of scale -- Tocqueville on American democracy -- John Stuart Mill on representative government -- The century of the common man. Three views of democracy: (1) Machinery and process -- (2) The values of democratic politics -- (3) Social democracy -- democracy and liberalism -- Nationalism an democracy -- These and variations -- Part II The democratic society -- 4. The spread and limits of democracy -- From revolution to evolution -- British gradualism and example -- Full democracy a recent phenomenon -- The link with imperialism -- Survey of democracies in 1939 -- A contemporary estimate -- The social environment of the political system -- 5. Race relations -- The politics of racial, religious and linguistic groupings -- Characteristics of a divided society -- How such divisions concern democracy -- Government in a racially mixed community -- Racial experience of the United States: (1) Slavery versus democracy -- (2) Democracy versus discrimination -- The struggle of American negroes for equality -- South Africa: The politics of fear -- Apartheid plus the police state -- Brazil's three races -- Equality of races, inequality of classes -- The Hawaiian melting-pot -- The spread of interracial tolerance. 6. Language and religion -- Governing people who differ in speech and faith -- A comparison of Spain and Russia -- The rule of intolerance -- The multinational Austrian empire -- The democratic state in mixed communities -- Belgium's split personality -- The two cultures in Canada -- The observations of Lord Durham -- Diversity within a federal union -- The Swiss paradox -- Why the Swiss had to be tolerant -- The unity of the unlike -- Cleavages in modern Switzerland -- Toleration and neutrality -- Equality for dissimilars -- 7. Geopolitics -- Geographical influences on politics -- The physical foundations of states -- Political types in relation to power on land or sea -- Sea power and Athenian democracy -- Land power and the government of Sparta -- The Roman land empire and the loss of the republic -- Russia and Prussia -- Army and autocracy in Germany -- The British navy and domestic liberty -- Oceanic safeguards of the United States -- Generalization from these examples -- Some apparent exceptions: (1) The rise of American land power -- (2) The French army versus the democratic republics -- (3) The Swiss case which proves the rule -- Why navies did not threaten democracy -- Questions about air power and space -- The political cost of armaments -- Contemporary military regimes -- The primacy of politics over arms -- 8. The economic origins -- The political economy -- Economic prerequisites of democracy -- Challenges to feudalism -- The pre-industrial revolutions -- The second stage of revolution -- Industrial economics and maturing democracy -- Class relations in nineteenth-century Britain -- Diagnoses by Disraeli, Marx, and Mill. Agrarian roots of American democracy -- The merger of Jefferson and Hamilton -- Industrial expansion of the United States -- Big government for big business -- The experience of continental Europe -- The middle class in France and Italy -- Unifying the Germans: The liberals or Bismarck -- Weimar or Nazism -- Pivotal role of the middle class -- 9. Modern economic policies -- Economic factors connected with democracy -- Democracy under Agrarian conditions -- (1) The case of Denmark -- (2) The New Zealand parallel -- Is democracy the luxury of the rich? High living standards and democratic states -- A warning about casual inferences -- Capitalism, socialism, and democratic government -- The dilemma of liberalism -- The modern mixed economics -- Public ownership -- The social services -- Planning and regulation -- The American economy and state control -- Contrasts in the affluent society -- The prestige of the businessman -- Future responsibilities of government -- Part III The politics and government of democracy -- 10. The sovereign voters -- Political dynamics and democratic institutions -- Participation by the people -- Removal of obstacles to universal suffrage -- The use of the right to vote -- Reasons for voting and non-voting -- Effects of the electoral system -- Voting in New Zealand, a special case -- Influence on the vote of parties and campaigning -- Political implications of mass voting -- The education of the public -- The frequency of elections -- The popular initiative and referendum -- Distrust of the legislature. 11. The two-party system -- The ancestors of parties -- Why parties are essential to democratic government -- The causes of the party system -- The classic two-party model: Great Britain -- Institutional explanations of British parties -- (1) The cabinet and the power to dissolve -- (2) The electoral system -- The social roots of British politics -- Dualism, religious and economic -- Response of the parties to industrialism -- The model exported to Canada, New Zealand, Australia, and South Africa -- Institutional patterns of the four countries -- Their social structures, from simple to complex -- Summary of experience in the older commonwealth -- The two party-systems of the United States -- Alignments in modern American politics -- 12. Politics with many parties -- Characteristics of multipartism -- Reasons for the Swiss party system -- Formation of the parties before World War I -- How the electoral system originally operated -- The switch to proportional representation -- Relative strength of Swiss parties since 1919 -- The radicals and the socialists -- The Catholic-conservatives and the smaller parties -- Stable multipartism in Scandinavia -- The case of the Norwegian Labor Party -- French politics in the third and fourth republics -- "Proving" an untruth -- Institutions molded by the party system -- What the electoral permutations reveal -- Disagreements about first principles -- Timing and sequence of French political events -- Toward an unscientific generalization -- 13. The constitutional order -- The rationale of constitutions -- Aristotle's analysis -- The social content of constitutional forms -- The Brazilian experience -- Requirements for a democratic constitution -- The British constitutional crisis of 1909-11 -- The lessons of those events -- The South African controversy of 1951-56 -- The two cases compared -- Political evolution of the American constitution -- France's perpetual revolution -- The control and transfer of power. 14. Political leadership -- Leadership of the democratic style -- The ambivalence of leadership -- The Swiss type of collegial executive -- Party composition of the federal council -- The American presidency -- The quality of presidents -- The functions of a president -- The chief legislator -- The responsibility for foreign relations -- The British cabinet system -- Party influence on the cabinet -- The prime minister -- The premier's position in the ministry -- The choice of a new leader -- The American administration -- The growing resemblance of the presidency and premiership -- Comparison of the three systems -- Part IV The democratic values -- 16. Liberty and equality -- The purpose of a philosophy of democracy -- Contradictions among the traditional concepts -- Critique of Mill's analysis of liberty -- The case for absolute intellectual freedom -- The consequences of expressing opinions -- Ethical value and scientific truth -- Are there limits to tolerance? -- Equality: Identical or proportional -- Status, rewards, and quality -- Government as an equalizer -- Liberty multiplied by equality -- 17. Majority rule, minority rights, and the public good -- An ethical source for government power -- The virtue of consent -- Justifying majority rule -- The rightness of the larger numbers -- The rights of minorities -- Ideals in conflict -- The search for a synthesis -- (1) The natural rights theory -- (2) The quest for the general will -- The wisdom of the fallible -- Why democratic ideals are self-contradictory -- 18. Conclusions -- The social conditions of democracy -- The influences of philosophy -- The mediating role of politics -- The United States and Great Britain -- Switzerland, Denmark, Canada, and New Zealand -- Two categories of democracy -- What follows maturity? -- Fresh fields for democracy -- The negative summing-up -- The positive evaluation. Democracy. Constitutional law. Constitutional law fast Democracy fast Democracy. nli Democracy Book Online version: Lipson, Leslie, 1912-2000. Democratic civilization. New York, Oxford University Press, 1964 (OCoLC)590260102 lcc BK JC423 L67 0 NO HOLDINGS IN GHUCC - 806 OTHER HOLDINGS 1619 1619 0 0 lcc 0 0 REF GAFC GAFC GEN 2024-10-30 0 JC423 L67 2024-2541 2024-10-30 14:03:26 c.1 2024-10-30 BK